recombinant soluble fractalkine (R&D Systems)
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recombinant soluble fractalkine
Recombinant Soluble Fractalkine, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 5 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+mouse+soluble+fractalkine/pmc11557324-52-0-3?v=R%26D+Systems
Average 92 stars, based on 5 article reviews
Recombinant Soluble Fractalkine, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 5 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+mouse+soluble+fractalkine/pmc11557324-52-0-3?v=R%26D+Systems
Average 92 stars, based on 5 article reviews
recombinant soluble fractalkine - by Bioz Stars,
2026-08
92/100 stars
Images
1) Product Images from "Local delivery of soluble fractalkine (CX3CL1) peptide restores ribbon synapses after noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy"
Article Title: Local delivery of soluble fractalkine (CX3CL1) peptide restores ribbon synapses after noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy
Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1486740
Figure Legend Snippet: ABR threshold shifts at 1 DPNE and 15 DPNE. (A) Study design created with BioRender.com . ROA, Route of Administration. (B–F) ABR threshold shifts at 1-day post-noise exposure (DPNE) and 15 DPNE after 2 h at 93 dB SPL at 8–16 kHz octave band noise in (B) FKN WT mice treated with vehicle ( N = 8), and in FKN KO mice treated with (C) vehicle ( N = 6) (D) control peptide ( N = 7) (E) membrane-bound FKN peptide (mFKN) ( N = 9) and (F) soluble FKN peptide (sFKN) ( N = 8). Dashed line represents threshold shifts prior to noise exposure (baseline). Values are means ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and ns, non-significant at respective stimulus frequency. *Represents comparison between 1 DPNE and 15 DPNE, two-way ANOVA, Sidak’s multiple comparisons. (G) Mean ABR threshold shift recovery at 15 DPNE of all the experimental groups. Values are means ± SD. ** p < 0.01 and ns, non-significant at respective stimulus frequency. *Represents comparison between FKN WT; vehicle (black circle) versus all other treatment groups, two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons.
Techniques Used: Control, Membrane, Comparison
Figure Legend Snippet: ABR peak I amplitude in FKN KO mice. ABR peak I amplitudes at 32 kHz at pre-noise exposure (PNE), 1 DPNE, and 15 DPNE in FKN KO mice treated with (A) vehicle ( N = 6) (B) control peptide (N = 7) (C) membrane-bound FKN peptide (mFKN) ( N = 10) and (D) soluble FKN peptide (sFKN) ( N = 8). Values are means ± SD. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and ns, non-significant. The symbol * represents the comparison between the experimental time points as indicated with parenthesis. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
Techniques Used: Control, Membrane, Comparison
Figure Legend Snippet: Inner hair cell ribbon synapses in basal cochlear region of FKN KO mice. (A) Representative micrographs showing IHC-paired ribbon synapses in the basal cochlear region after 15 days of synaptopathic noise exposure. (B) CtBP2 puncta per IHC. (C) GluA2 puncta per IHC. (D) Paired ribbon synapses per IHC. Values are mean ± SD. Each dot in the graphs represents one mouse. Three confocal images were captured from the basal cochlear region per mouse. CtBP2 puncta, GluA2 puncta, and paired synapses per IHC were averaged across the three images per mouse and plotted. ** p < 0.01 between no noise-exposed (NNE) vs. noise-exposed vehicle-treated FKN WT and FKN KO mice; * p < 0.05 between noise-exposed FKN KO mice treated with vehicle or sFKN peptide; ns: non-significant between NNE and NE sFKN-treated FKN KO mice. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. N = 5–9 mice per experimental group.
Techniques Used: Comparison
Figure Legend Snippet: ABR peak I amplitude and IHC ribbon synapse density in FKN WT mice. (A) ABR peak I amplitude at 32 kHz at pre-noise exposure (PNE), 1 DPNE, and 15 DPNE in FKN WT mice treated with vehicle. (B) ABR peak I amplitude at 32 kHz at pre-noise exposure (PNE), 1 DPNE, and 15 DPNE in FKN WT mice treated with a single dose of sFKN peptide. N = 15 mice (PNE and 1 DPNE), N = 8 mice (15 DPNE) in A and B. (C) Representative micrographs showing IHC ribbon synapses from basal cochlear region at 15 DPNE. (D) Paired ribbon synapses per IHC. (E) CtBP2 puncta per IHC. (F) GluA2 puncta per IHC. Values are means ± SD. N = 5–8 mice per experimental group. Each dot in graphs (D–F) represents one mouse. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and ns, non-significant. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
Techniques Used: Comparison
![sFKN fails to restore noise-damaged IHC ribbon synapses and ABR Peak I amplitudes in FKN WT mice lacking cochlear resident macrophages. (A) Macrophage density in the sensory epithelium of apex, middle, and basal cochlear regions of unexposed and noise-exposed FKN WT and FKN KO mice. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s comparison test. N = 3 mice per genotype. (B) Representative micrographs showing CD45-immunolabeled macrophages in the sensory epithelium of the middle cochlear region of unexposed and noise-exposed FKN WT and FKN KO mice. (C) Representative micrographs showing IHC-paired ribbon synapses from the basal cochlear region of vehicle- or sFKN peptide-treated FKN WT mice in the presence (control chow) or absence (PLX5622 chow) of macrophages at 15 DPNE. (D) Quantification of paired ribbon synapses per IHC in vehicle- or sFKN peptide-treated FKN WT mice in the presence (control chow) or absence (PLX5622 chow) of macrophages at 15 DPNE. Gray bar represents unexposed (NNE) FKN WT mice data re-represented from for comparison purposes and to reduce the use of mice as per IACUC policies. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s comparison test. (E,F) ABR Peak I amplitudes at 32 kHz in vehicle- or sFKN peptide-treated FKN WT mice in the absence [PLX5622 chow (E)] or presence [control chow (F)] of macrophages at 15 DPNE. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. N = 5–7 mice per experimental group (D,E). Values are means ± SD in D or means ± SEM in (E,F). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and ns, non-significant.](https://pub-med-central-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_central_ids_ending_with_7324/pmc11557324/pmc11557324__fncel-18-1486740-g005.jpg "sFKN fails to restore noise-damaged IHC ribbon synapses and ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: sFKN fails to restore noise-damaged IHC ribbon synapses and ABR Peak I amplitudes in FKN WT mice lacking cochlear resident macrophages. (A) Macrophage density in the sensory epithelium of apex, middle, and basal cochlear regions of unexposed and noise-exposed FKN WT and FKN KO mice. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s comparison test. N = 3 mice per genotype. (B) Representative micrographs showing CD45-immunolabeled macrophages in the sensory epithelium of the middle cochlear region of unexposed and noise-exposed FKN WT and FKN KO mice. (C) Representative micrographs showing IHC-paired ribbon synapses from the basal cochlear region of vehicle- or sFKN peptide-treated FKN WT mice in the presence (control chow) or absence (PLX5622 chow) of macrophages at 15 DPNE. (D) Quantification of paired ribbon synapses per IHC in vehicle- or sFKN peptide-treated FKN WT mice in the presence (control chow) or absence (PLX5622 chow) of macrophages at 15 DPNE. Gray bar represents unexposed (NNE) FKN WT mice data re-represented from for comparison purposes and to reduce the use of mice as per IACUC policies. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s comparison test. (E,F) ABR Peak I amplitudes at 32 kHz in vehicle- or sFKN peptide-treated FKN WT mice in the absence [PLX5622 chow (E)] or presence [control chow (F)] of macrophages at 15 DPNE. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. N = 5–7 mice per experimental group (D,E). Values are means ± SD in D or means ± SEM in (E,F). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and ns, non-significant.
Techniques Used: Comparison, Immunolabeling, Control
Figure Legend Snippet: sFKN peptide modulates cochlear inflammation profile after NICS. Luminex assay-based quantification of the levels of cytokines (A) IFN- β , (B) IL-2, (C) IL-6, (D) IL-23, (E) IL-22, (F) IL-10, and (G) IL-33 in cochlear lysate from FKN WT mice subjected to either no-noise (NNE) or noise-exposed, then TT injected with vehicle at 1-day post-exposure (NE; vehicle) or noise-exposed and TT injected with sFKN peptide at 1-day post-exposure (NE; sFKN). N = 3–4 biological replicates per experimental group. Each biological sample was a pool of five cochleae run in triplicate. Values are means ± SD. * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.001, NNE vs. NE; vehicle or NE; sFKN vs. NE; vehicle. There was no significant difference in the means between NNE and NE; sFKN experimental groups. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.
Techniques Used: Luminex, Injection, Comparison
Figure Legend Snippet: Temporal and spatial bioavailability of sFKN peptide after TT injection in FKN KO and FKN WT mice. Estimation of levels of sFKN peptide in (A) cochlear protein lysate by ELISA and (B) cochlear perilymph by MALDI-TOF-MS at different time points after TT injection in FKN KO mice. Values are means ± SD. N = 2 biological replicates per time point after TT injection and uninjected group. (C) Representative MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric peaks of sFKN peptide (9.3 kDa) at 3 h after injection in FKN KO mice when compared to uninjected ear (blue bar). Peaks in the bottom panel represent that of the standard sFKN peptide of 9.3 kDa as positive control. Peaks of the left represent that of insulin peptide as internal control (black bar). (D) Upper panel , representative images of cochlear mid-modiolar cross section at low magnification. Bottom panel , representative images at higher magnification of the basal cochlear turn (white rectangular box in upper panel) showing the localization of fluorescent conjugated sFKN-647 (magenta) to the basilar membrane near the sensory epithelium, spiral limbus, osseous spiral lamina, and spiral ligament of uninjected and injected FKN WT mice. CD45-immunolabeled macrophages (white arrows) are found to be adhered to the undersurface of the basilar membrane among the mesothelial cells in the injected cochlea.
Techniques Used: Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Positive Control, Control, Membrane, Immunolabeling
Figure Legend Snippet: Working model for soluble FKN restores IHC ribbon synapses after NICS. Prolonged or loud exposure to noise results in rapid loss of IHC ribbon synapses known as cochlear synaptopathy. Locally (transtympanically) delivered immune factor, soluble FKN reaches into the cochlea near the sensory epithelium and is effective in restoring the noise-induced loss of IHC ribbon synapses and hearing via cochlear macrophages expressing CX 3 CR1 and suppresses cochlear inflammation in response to noise insult. The precise mechanisms by which sFKN–macrophage interactions contribute to synaptic and functional recovery remain to be elucidated. The figure was created with BioRender.com .
Techniques Used: Expressing, Functional Assay
